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1 # Factor
2
3 ![Build](https://github.com/factor/factor/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg)
4
5 Factor is a [concatenative](https://www.concatenative.org), stack-based
6 programming language with [high-level
7 features](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Features/The%20language)
8 including dynamic types, extensible syntax, macros, and garbage collection.
9 On a practical side, Factor has a [full-featured
10 library](https://docs.factorcode.org/content/article-vocab-index.html),
11 supports many different platforms, and has been extensively documented.
12
13 The implementation is [fully
14 compiled](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Optimizing%20compiler)
15 for performance, while still supporting [interactive
16 development](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Interactive%20development).
17 Factor applications are portable between all common platforms.  Factor can
18 [deploy stand-alone
19 applications](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Deployment) on all
20 platforms.  Full source code for the Factor project is available under a BSD
21 license.
22
23 ## Getting Started
24
25 ### Building Factor from source
26
27 If you have a build environment set up, then you can build Factor from git.
28 These scripts will attempt to compile the Factor binary and bootstrap from
29 a boot image stored on factorcode.org.
30
31 To check out Factor:
32
33 * git clone https://github.com/factor/factor.git
34 * `cd factor`
35
36 To build the latest complete Factor system from git, either use the
37 build script:
38
39 * Unix: `./build.sh update`
40 * Windows: `build.cmd`
41 * M1 macOS: `arch -x86_64 ./build.sh update`
42
43 or download the correct boot image for your system from
44 https://downloads.factorcode.org/images/master/, put it in the `factor`
45 directory and run:
46
47 * Unix: `make` and then `./factor -i=boot.unix-x86.64.image`
48 * Windows: `nmake /f Nmakefile x86-64` and then `factor.com -i=boot.windows-x86.64.image`
49
50 Now you should have a complete Factor system ready to run.
51
52 Factor does not yet work on arm64 cpus. There is an arm64 assembler
53 in `cpu.arm.64.assembler` and we are working on a port and also looking for
54 contributors.
55
56 More information on [building factor](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Building%20Factor)
57 and [system requirements](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Requirements).
58
59 ### To run a Factor binary:
60
61 You can download a Factor binary from the grid on [https://factorcode.org](https://factorcode.org).
62 The nightly builds are usually a better experience than the point releases.
63
64 * Windows: Double-click `factor.exe`, or run `.\factor.com` in a command prompt
65 * Mac OS X: Double-click `Factor.app` or run `open Factor.app` in a Terminal
66 * Unix: Run `./factor` in a shell
67
68 ### Learning Factor
69
70 A tutorial is available that can be accessed from the Factor environment:
71
72 ```factor
73 "first-program" help
74 ```
75
76 Some demos that are included in the distribution to show off various features:
77
78 ```factor
79 "demos" run
80 ```
81
82 Some other simple things you can try in the listener:
83
84 ```factor
85 "Hello, world" print
86
87 { 4 8 15 16 23 42 } [ 2 * ] map .
88
89 1000 [1..b] sum .
90
91 4 <iota> [
92     "Happy Birthday " write
93     2 = "dear NAME" "to You" ? print
94 ] each
95 ```
96
97 For more tips, see [Learning Factor](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Learning).
98
99 ## Documentation
100
101 The Factor environment includes extensive reference documentation and a
102 short "cookbook" to help you get started. The best way to read the
103 documentation is in the UI; press F1 in the UI listener to open the help
104 browser tool. You can also [browse the documentation
105 online](https://docs.factorcode.org).
106
107 ## Command Line Usage
108
109 Factor supports a number of command line switches:
110
111 ```
112 Usage: factor [Factor arguments] [script] [script arguments]
113
114 Common arguments:
115     -help            print this message and exit
116     -i=<image>       load Factor image file <image> (default factor.image)
117     -run=<vocab>     run the MAIN: entry point of <vocab>
118         -run=listener    run terminal listener
119         -run=ui.tools    run Factor development UI
120     -e=<code>        evaluate <code>
121     -ea=<code>       evaluate <code> with auto-use
122     -no-user-init    suppress loading of .factor-rc
123     -roots=<paths>   a list of path-delimited extra vocab roots
124
125 Enter
126     "command-line" help
127 from within Factor for more information.
128 ```
129
130 You can also write scripts that can be run from the terminal, by putting
131 ``#!/path/to/factor`` at the top of your scripts and making them executable.
132
133 ## Source Organization
134
135 The Factor source tree is organized as follows:
136
137 * `vm/` - Factor VM source code (not present in binary packages)
138 * `core/` - Factor core library
139 * `basis/` - Factor basis library, compiler, tools
140 * `extra/` - more libraries and applications
141 * `misc/` - editor modes, icons, etc
142 * `unmaintained/` - now at [factor-unmaintained](https://github.com/factor/factor-unmaintained)
143
144 ## Source History
145
146 During Factor's lifetime, sourcecode has lived in many repositories. Unfortunately, the first import in Git did not keep history. History has been partially recreated from what could be salvaged. Due to the nature of Git, it's only possible to add history without disturbing upstream work, by using replace objects. These need to be manually fetched, or need to be explicitly added to your git remote configuration.
147
148 Use:
149 `git fetch origin 'refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*'`
150
151 or add the following line to your configuration file
152
153 ```
154 [remote "origin"]
155     url = ...
156     fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
157     ...
158     fetch = +refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*
159 ```
160
161 Then subsequent fetches will automatically update any replace objects.
162
163 ## Community
164
165 Factor developers are quite active in [the Factor Discord server](https://discord.gg/QxJYZx3QDf).
166 Drop by if you want to discuss anything related to Factor or language design in general.
167
168 * [Factor homepage](https://factorcode.org)
169 * [Concatenative languages wiki](https://concatenative.org)
170 * [Join the mailing list](https://concatenative.org/wiki/view/Factor/Mailing%20list)
171 * Search for "factorcode" on [Gitter](https://gitter.im/)
172
173 Have fun!