1 USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel sequences ;
4 ARTICLE: "quotations" "Quotations"
5 "A quotation is an anonymous function (a value denoting a snippet of code) which can be used as a value and called using the " { $link "call" } "."
7 "Quotation literals appearing in source code are delimited by square brackets, for example " { $snippet "[ 2 + ]" } "; see " { $link "syntax-quots" } " for details on their syntax."
9 "Quotations form a class of objects:"
14 "A more general class is provided for methods to dispatch on that includes quotations, " { $link curry } ", and " { $link compose } " objects:"
18 "Quotations evaluate sequentially from beginning to end. Literals are pushed on the stack and words are executed. Details can be found in " { $link "evaluator" } ". Words can be placed in wrappers to suppress execution:"
19 { $subsections "wrappers" }
20 "Quotations implement the " { $link "sequence-protocol" } ", and existing sequences can be converted into quotations:"
25 "Although quotations can be treated as sequences, the compiler will be unable to reason about quotations manipulated as sequences at runtime. " { $link "compositional-combinators" } " are provided for runtime partial application and composition of quotations." ;
27 ARTICLE: "wrappers" "Wrappers"
28 "Wrappers evaluate to the object being wrapped when encountered in code. They are used to suppress the execution of " { $link "words" } " so that they can be used as values."
33 "Wrapper literal syntax is documented in " { $link "syntax-words" } "."
40 { $see-also "combinators" } ;
45 { $class-description "The class whose instances can be passed to " { $link call } ". This includes quotations and composed quotations built up with " { $link curry } " or " { $link compose } "." } ;
48 { $class-description "The class of quotations. See " { $link "syntax-quots" } " for syntax and " { $link "quotations" } " for general information." } ;
51 { $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" quotation } }
52 { $description "Outputs a freshly-allocated quotation with the same elements as a given sequence." } ;
55 { $values { "obj" object } { "quot" quotation } }
56 { $description "Constructs a quotation holding one element." }
58 "The following two phrases are equivalent:"
59 { $code "\\ reverse execute" }
60 { $code "\\ reverse 1quotation call" }
64 { $class-description "The class of wrappers. Wrappers are created by calling " { $link literalize } ". See " { $link "syntax-words" } " for syntax." } ;
67 { $values { "obj" object } { "wrapper" wrapper } }
68 { $description "Creates an object which pushes " { $snippet "obj" } " on the stack when evaluated. User code should call " { $link literalize } " instead, since it avoids wrapping self-evaluating objects (which is redundant)." } ;
71 { $values { "obj" object } { "wrapped" object } }
72 { $description "Outputs an object which evaluates to " { $snippet "obj" } " when placed in a quotation. If " { $snippet "obj" } " is not self-evaluating (for example, it is a word), then it will be wrapped." }
74 { $example "USING: prettyprint quotations ;" "5 literalize ." "5" }
75 { $example "USING: math prettyprint quotations sequences ;" "[ + ] [ literalize ] map ." "[ \\ + ]" }
78 { literalize curry <wrapper> POSTPONE: \ POSTPONE: W{ } related-words