README for the tz distribution
-"What time is it?" -- Richard Deacon as The King
-"Any time you want it to be." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
+"Where do I set the hands of the clock?" -- Les Tremayne as The King
+"Oh that--you can set them any place you want." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
(from the Bell System film "About Time")
The Time Zone Database (called tz, tzdb or zoneinfo) contains code and
make TOPDIR=$HOME/tzdir install
$HOME/tzdir/usr/bin/zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
+See the file tz-how-to.html for examples of how to read the data files.
+
This database of historical local time information has several goals:
* Provide a compendium of data about the history of civil time that
# Corrections are welcome.
# Algeria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
# (see Europe/Lisbon).
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia
-2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Chad
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Eritrea
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
+# See Africa/Johannesburg.
+
# Ethiopia
# See Africa/Nairobi.
#
# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For
# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a
# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 -
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u
-1:00 - -01 1975
0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - +0230 1940
# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision
# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
-# that 64% of asked peopke are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
+# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-01):
-# For now, guess that Morocco will fall back at 03:00 the last Sunday
-# before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after
-# Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012. To implement this,
-# transition dates for 2019 through 2037 were determined by running the
-# following program under GNU Emacs 26.1.
+
+# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
+# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
+# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
+# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222
+
+# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
+# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
+# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
+# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
+# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
+# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
+#
+# From Milamber (2020-05-31)
+# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
+# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
+# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this
+# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
+# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
+# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify
+# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
+# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
+# shift will be the next weekend.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31):
+# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
+# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
+# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this,
+# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
+# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm
+# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
+# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
# (let ((islamic-year 1440))
# (require 'cal-islam)
-# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
+# (while (< islamic-year 1511)
# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
-# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
# (sunday 0))
# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
-# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 -
-Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 -
-Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 -
-Rule Morocco 2028 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 -
-Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 -
-Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 -
Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 -
+# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
+# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will
+# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
+# rules first.
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16
1:00 - +01 1986
# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
# with Namibia's neighbors.
-# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT
Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT
Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT
-# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT
#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT
#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT
# End of rearguard section.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
2:00 Namibia %s
-# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See:
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Nigeria
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1:00 - WAT
Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
# Réunion
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
4:00 - +04
#
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Seychelles
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
4:00 - +04
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# South Africa
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini
#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
2:00 - CAT
# South Sudan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT
-# Swaziland
-# See Africa/Johannesburg.
-
# Tanzania
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# for information.
# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
-# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is '-00' and STDOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
# Argentina - year-round bases
# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time
# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016".
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969
- 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-02, as corrected):
+# Based on information we have received from the Australian Antarctic
+# Division, Casey station and Macquarie Island station will move to Tasmanian
+# daylight savings time on Sunday 4 October. This will take effect from 0001
+# hrs on Sunday 4 October 2020 and will mean Casey and Macquarie Island will
+# be on the same time zone as Hobart. Some past dates too for this 3 hour
+# time change back and forth between UTC+8 and UTC+11 for Casey:
+# - 2018 Oct 7 4:00 - 2019 Mar 17 3:00 - 2019 Oct 4 3:00 - 2020 Mar 8 3:00
+# and now - 2020 Oct 4 0:01
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969
+ 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00
11:00 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2:00
- 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00
11:00 - +11 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
- 8:00 - +08 2016 Oct 22
+ 8:00 - +08 2016 Oct 22
11:00 - +11 2018 Mar 11 4:00
- 8:00 - +08
+ 8:00 - +08 2018 Oct 7 4:00
+ 11:00 - +11 2019 Mar 17 3:00
+ 8:00 - +08 2019 Oct 4 3:00
+ 11:00 - +11 2020 Mar 8 3:00
+ 8:00 - +08 2020 Oct 4 0:01
+ 11:00 - +11
Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Jan 13
7:00 - +07 1964 Nov
0 - -00 1969 Feb
# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
5:00 - +05
#
# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
0 - -00 1956 Nov
# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
3:00 - +03
# See:
# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 +01
Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 +02
#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 +01
#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 +00
# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 +00
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12
0:00 Troll %s
# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 Dec 1
-3:00 - -03
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
# 8:00 CST China
-# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time
+# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
+# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines
# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
-# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
-# *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below.
+# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
###############################################################################
# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Afghanistan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
4:00 - +04 1945
4:30 - +0430
# or
# (brief)
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
# Bhutan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
6:00 - +06
# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
5:00 - +05 1996
6:00 - +06
# Brunei
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
7:30 - +0730 1933
8:00 - +08
# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
# a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
6:30 - +0630 1942 May
# China
+# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
+# According to this news report:
+# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml
+# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring
+# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did
+# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a
+# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to
+# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at
+# Tianjin got terminated in 1920.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
+# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was
+# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October
+# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was
+# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would
+# not be repeated."
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D
+Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
+
# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
# The following comes from Table 1 of:
# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+
+# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
+#
+# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is
+# actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time,
+# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai
+# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with
+# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar
+# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the
+# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese
+# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was
+# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s
+# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some
+# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time
+# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening
+# hours.
+#
+# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority
+# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other
+# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and
+# spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to
+# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical
+# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to
+# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to
+# match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather
+# observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the
+# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their
+# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock
+# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard
+# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust
+# their clock to their preferred time.
+#
+# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was
+# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French
+# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen,
+# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay
+# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time
+# on the same date as Shanghai".
+#
+# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do
+# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12
+# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the
+# original schedule ten days earlier.
+#
+# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15
+# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay
+# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special
+# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by
+# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang
+# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea
+# to situation before that announcement)
+#
+# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at
+# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on
+# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would
+# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due
+# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the
+# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on
+# November 1.
+#
+# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United
+# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the
+# international settlement, taken over its control
+#
+# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward
+# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal
+# department will also change their clocks, unlike before.
+#
+# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the
+# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the
+# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during
+# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to
+# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such
+# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches
+# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time.
+
+# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
+# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be
+# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html ,
+# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some
+# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in
+# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope
+# of such use will need to be investigated to determine.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
# to begin on 17 April.
# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D
Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S
Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
# +08 mandate back then.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
6:00 - +06
-# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
+# Hong Kong
# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
-# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
-# obtained from
-# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# think 3:30 is correct.
# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
# According to Singaporean newspaper
# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
-# Also, the Liberation day of Hong Kong after WWII which British rule
-# over the territory resumed was August 30, 1945, which I think should
-# be the termination date for the use of JST in the territory....
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
+# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
+# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
+# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
+# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
+# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
+# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
+# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
+
+# From P Chan (2018-12-31):
+# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
+# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
+# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
+# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
+# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
+# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
+# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
+# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
+# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
+# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
+# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
+# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
+# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
+# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
+# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
+# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
+# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
+# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
+# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
+# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
+# Summer Time Ordinance 1953
+# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
+# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
+# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
+# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
+# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
+# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg>
+# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
+# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
+# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
+# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
# Here are the dates given at
-# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# as of 2014-06-19:
+# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# as of 2020-02-10:
# Year Period
# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep
# 1942 Whole year
# 1944 Whole year
# 1945 Whole year
# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
-# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
+# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov
# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
# The page does not give times of day for transitions,
# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
-# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-16; see:
-# Heaver S. The days after the Pacific war ended: unsettling times
-# in Hong Kong. Post Magazine. 2016-06-13.
-# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1852990/days-after-pacific-war-ended-unsettling-times-hong-kong
-# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the
-# transition times.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1952 1953 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 -
+Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 -
+Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 -
Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42
- 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:30
+ 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
- 8:30 - HKT 1941 Dec 25
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 16
+ 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00
8:00 HK HK%sT
###############################################################################
# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 -
Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 -
Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S
Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
# Go with Byalokoz.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
# 1941-1945 data.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Java, Sumatra
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
-# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the the astronomical Persian calendar
-# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058),
-# so the following code special-case those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
+# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
+# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
+# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
# We have published a short article in English about the change:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 -
#
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
3:00 - +03 1982 May
# Israel
+# For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see:
+# Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs.
+# 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564
+
# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
#
# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
# family is from India).
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
+# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
+# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
+# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
+# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
+# You can of course read it in translation.
+# I checked the local newspapers for that years.
+# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
+# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
+# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
+Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 1:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 1:00 0 S
+
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
#
# where YYYY is the relevant year.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
#
# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
#
# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
-# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
-# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
-# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
-# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
-# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
-# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
-#
-# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-#
-# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
-# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
-# springtime transitions explicitly.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
2:00 Zion I%sT
# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19):
+# Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese
+# timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each,
+# with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government
+# started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See:
+# Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan"
+# <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and
+# data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before
+# 1873 using Western-style local mean time.
+
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
+# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
+# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
+# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
+# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
+# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
+# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
+
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
+# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
+# which stands for the time on 135° E.
+# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
+# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
+# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
+# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
+# standard....
+#
+# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
+# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
+# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
+# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+#
+# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
+# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
+# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
+# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+
# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
# which should be safe now.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S
Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
-# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
-# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
-# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
-# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
-# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
-# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on 135° E.
-# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
-# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
-# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
-# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
-# standard....
-#
-# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
-# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
-# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-#
-# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
-# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
-# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
9:00 Japan J%sT
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2:00 Jordan EE%sT
# text.
#
# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
-# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
-# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
+# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
+# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
# transition to "summer" time:
# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
# was one of such changes.
#
-# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
+# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 -
Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
- 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21
8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
9:00 ROK K%sT
Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
# Lebanon
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
# Malaysia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
#
# peninsular Malaysia
# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
7:30 - +0730 1933
8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
8:00 - +08
# Maldives
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
5:00 - +05
# September daylight saving time ends. Source:
# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
6:00 - +06 1978
8:00 Mongol +08/+09
# Nepal
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
5:30 - +0530 1986
5:45 - +0545
# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
-# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
-# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
-# predictions.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
-# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
-# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
-# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
-# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
-# time of the time shift.
+# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ...
# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16):
-# For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
+# http://pnn.ps/news/401130
+# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
+#
+# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
+# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
+# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
+# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
+#
+# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
+# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
+
+# From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18):
+# Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ...
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20):
+# Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at
+# midnight last year...
+# https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
+# The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms
+# a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by
+# delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday /
+# Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019."
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948
+
+# From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20):
+# As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving
+# shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes.
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
+# Predict future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Saturday preceding October's
+# last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24). This is consistent with our predictions since
+# 2016, although the time of the change differed slightly in 2019.
+
+# From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20):
+# The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00.
+# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284
+# The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00.
+# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10):
+# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are at 00:00 on the Saturday
+# preceding March's last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24).
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat>=24 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat>=24 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2020 max - Mar Sat>=24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2020 max - Oct Sat>=24 1:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
# so use "PDT", the usual American style.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
8:00 Phil P%sT
# Qatar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3:00 - +03
# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
3:00 - +03
Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
# Singapore
# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
5:30 - +0530
# Syria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 - +05
# Thailand
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
7:00 - +07
# Turkmenistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
5:00 - +05
# United Arab Emirates
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
4:00 - +04
Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
# Uzbekistan
# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
-# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
+# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
7:00 - +07
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
+#
+# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
+# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
+# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
+# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
+#
+# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
+# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
+# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
+
+
# Yemen
# See Asia/Riyadh.
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - ACST 1899 May
9:30 Aus AC%sT
# Western Australia
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
# applies to all of the Whitsundays.
# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
10:00 Holiday AE%sT
# South Australia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - ACST 1899 May
9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
10:00 AT AE%sT
# Victoria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
10:00 AV AE%sT
# New South Wales
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
10:00 AN AE%sT
9:30 AS AC%sT
# Lord Howe Island
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
- 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
- 11:00 - +11
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT
# Christmas
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
7:00 - +07
# Cocos (Keeling) Is
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
6:30 - +0630
# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13):
# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/
# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15):
-# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
-# the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly
-# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches
-# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
-# practice than guessing no DST.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06):
+# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27
+# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on
+# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020."
+# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00
+# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly
+# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches
+# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice
+# than guessing no DST.
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
+# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848
+
+# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08):
+# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021.
+# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08):
+# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08):
+# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/
+# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of
+# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should
+# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..."
+# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for
+# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the
+# recent second Sunday in November pattern.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 -
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji +12/+13
# French Polynesia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
-9:00 - -09
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
# Guam
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D
# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam
Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
# Kiribati
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
12:00 - +12
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
# See Pacific/Guam.
# Marshall Is
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
12:00 - +12
# Micronesia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
10:07:08 - LMT 1901
10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
11:00 - +11
# Nauru
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8
12:00 - +12
# New Caledonia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
11:00 NC +11/+12
# New Zealand
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
# Cook Is
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 -
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
-10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
-10:00 Cook -10/-0930
# Niue
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
-11:20 - -1120 1951
-11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
-11:00 - -11
# Norfolk
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
11:12 - +1112 1951
- 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
- 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
- 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
- 11:00 - +11
+ 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s
+ 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s
+ 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s
+ 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul
+ 11:00 AN +11/+12
# Palau (Belau)
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
8:57:56 - LMT 1901
9:00 - +09
# Papua New Guinea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
10:00 - +10
11:00 - +11
# Pitcairn
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
-8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00
-8:00 - -08
# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 -
Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 -
Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 -
Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
-11:30 - -1130 1950
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
11:00 - +11
# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
-11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
13:00 - +13
# Tonga
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
12:20 - +1220 1941
13:00 - +13 1999
13:00 Tonga +13/+14
# Tuvalu
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
12:00 - +12
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Wake
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
12:00 - +12
# Vanuatu
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
# Wallis and Futuna
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
12:00 - +12
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
+#
+# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08):
+# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000
+# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries...
+# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny
+# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village."
+# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence
+# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ...
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17):
+# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says:
+# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your
+# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which
+# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in
+# Texta is the word: 'Why'?
+# "Good question," Mr Pike said.
+# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years."
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
###############################################################################
+# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima)
+
+# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick:
+# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government
+# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there.
+# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC
+# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan
+# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown.
+# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have
+# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own
+# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones....
+#
+# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時
+
+# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12):
+# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned
+# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database
+# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin
+# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only.
+# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon
+# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese
+# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that
+# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own
+# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two
+# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some
+# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be
+# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental
+# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications
+# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus
+# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the
+# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time
+# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense
+# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time
+# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used.
+
+
# Fiji
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
# other than in 1974/5. See:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
+# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition;
+# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said
+# (thanks to Michael Deckers).
+
+# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019.
+# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13):
+# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14):
+# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010
# Palau
# See commentary for Micronesia.
Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba
Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
+Link America/Nuuk America/Godthab
Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis
Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy
Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
Link America/Havana Cuba
Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT
Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
Link Europe/London GB
Link Asia/Seoul ROK
Link Asia/Singapore Singapore
Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey
-Link Etc/UCT UCT
+Link Etc/UTC UCT
Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska
Link America/Adak US/Aleutian
Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona
# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use
# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
+# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime.
+# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome.
+#
+# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
+# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be
+# incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones
+# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do
+# not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that
+# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet,
+# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950
+# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the
+# communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of
+# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition,
+# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from
+# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China
+# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it
+# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under
+# their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry
+# should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at
+# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82
+# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data
+# currently listed in the tz database according to official
+# announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in
+# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time
+# being cited on the webpage.
+
+
# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the
# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
#
# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Ethiopia
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on.
# The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
# Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 -0020
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -01
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 +01
2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
2:00 - SAST
-# Swaziland
+# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST
# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
3:00 - +03
# Bahrain
-Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23):
+# Most of this data comes from:
+# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story
+# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22.
+# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589
+# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and
+# others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in
+# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at
+# +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's
+# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01.
+#
+# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation:
+# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India
+# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library
+# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b
+# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20.
+# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions
+# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and
+# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc)
+# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb
+# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly
+# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived
+# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus
+# was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to
+# have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions.
+Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
+ 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1
4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3:00 - +03
#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete]
# Cambodia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. Also, guess
-# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
-# (2) they also reverted to +07 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
-# These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
-# transitions there.
+
+# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk,
+# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08):
+#
+# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with
+# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia,
+# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan
+# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and
+# adopted Hanoi time zone again.
+#
+# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a
+# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle.
+# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French
+# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian
+# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional
+# celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT
+# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied.
+#
+# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953,
+# GMT + 7 was maintained.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data.
+
Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
- 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
- 8:00 - +08 1953 Nov 9
7:00 - +07
# Israel
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
-# Macedonia
+# North Macedonia
Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
# Liechtenstein
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
- 1:00 - CET 1981
+ 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Croatia
Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
-Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
# The following link uses older naming conventions,
# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
-# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
+# [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
#
# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
#
# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when
# negative SAVE values are used.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 -
Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 -
Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 -
Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
-# The next line is for when negative SAVE values are used.
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1:00 Eire IST/GMT
-# These three lines are for when SAVE values are always nonnegative.
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
# 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
# 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
# 0:00 EU GMT/IST
+# End of rearguard section.
###############################################################################
# predecessor organization, the European Communities.
# For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
-# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+# Zone Europe/Paris ...
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
-# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
+# Zone Europe/Monaco ...
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
-# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
+# Zone Europe/Belgrade ...
# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
#
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
#
# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
#
# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
# Albania
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Andorra
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-22):
+# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am.
+# Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
# Belgium
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25):
+# The exposition in the web page
+# https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique
+# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that
+# the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
+# This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation:
+# In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central
+# Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks
+# sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and
+# continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of
+# resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change....
+# The song ended:
+# Putting your clock forward
+# Will but hasten the happy hour
+# When we kick out the Boches!
+# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois -
+# Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38.
+# https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm
+#
+# Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België"
+# <https://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>.
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp 8-9.
-# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
-# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
-# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
+# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
- 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
+ 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time;
# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
-# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
# 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
# End of rearguard section.
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
-# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
-# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
-# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
+# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
+# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
-# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
+# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequent decrees with the law
-# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
+# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
-# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
# It is their only National Park.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
-3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
0:00 - GMT
+#
+# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit
+# exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
-1:00 EU -01/+00
-Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
+Zone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb
-3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-3:00 EU -03/-02
-Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
+Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
-4:00 Thule A%sT
# Estonia
# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
# Go with Oja over Shanks.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
# round to nearest.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
+# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11):
+# the law of 1891 <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64415343.texteImage>
+# was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16.
+
+# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10):
+# Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at
+# https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris
+# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and
+# twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ]
+# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train
+# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time
+# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled
+# "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when
+# he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11".
+# https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
+# That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French
+# newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain
+# remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed
+# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely),
+# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages. For instance,
+# the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2:
+# only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ...
+# [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5
+# minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to
+# be dead before being born, time having been set back and having
+# suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more
+# than they could spend.]
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12):
+# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time,
+# which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21.
+# The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at
+# <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2022333z/f2>) says only that
+# at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by
+# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the
+# transition from Paris mean time was to occur.
+#
+# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice
+# was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart
+# the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at
+# 00:09:21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway
+# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being
+# that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time
+# blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough.
+# Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar
+# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis.
#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
-# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
-# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
+# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
# Gibraltar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1:00 - CET 1982
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Greece
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
-# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
-# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
-# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
-# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
-# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
-# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
+
+# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09):
+# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at
+# http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit
+# says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01.
+
+# From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07):
+# Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana.
+# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders,
+# bulletins, instructions and public press.
+# [See URLs below.]
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201
+Rule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54
+Rule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
+Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513
+Rule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398
+Rule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143
+Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189
+Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 -
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85
+Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
+#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204
+# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 7 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1984
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
#
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
-# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
+# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
#
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
-1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
+# From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06):
+# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm
+# ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than
+# the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866)
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm
+# ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze,
+# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting
+# the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the
+# kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time
+# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph,
+# not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set
+# the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866),
+# Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the
+# last city was Cagliari in 1886."
+#
+# From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07):
+# this is the scan of the decree:
+# http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg
+#
# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
+# [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017]
# (2016-10-24):
# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
#
+# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-02):
+# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper,
+# for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2
+# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between
+# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it
+# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am.
+#
# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
# was effectively controlled by Germany.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
# Go with Byalokoz.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
-# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
-# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
-# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
-# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
-# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
-# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
-# central European time was in force throughout the year.
-# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
-# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
+# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
+# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
+# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
-# Macedonia
+# North Macedonia
# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Malta
# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2:00 Moldova EE%sT
# Monaco
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
+# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
+# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
+# we read: ...
+# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
+# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
+# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
+# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
+# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
+# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
+# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
+# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
+# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
+#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
-# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
# Norway
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
+# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from
+# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that
+# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when
+# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Triendl.)
+
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10
+ 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
# See Europe/Rome.
# Serbia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # North Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
# Slovakia
# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
-# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
+# The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
# says in its article 5 (my translation):
# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
# Turkey
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12):
+# http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone
+# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents.
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
+# That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları")
+# is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other
+# sources.
+
+# From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12):
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24
+# 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1
+# 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1
+# 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1
+# 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5
+# 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00,
+# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
+# 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
+# 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
+# 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17
+# This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978.
+# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00
+# (not applied due to standard TZ change below)
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3
+# This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30
+# degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2
+# to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was
+# already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an
+# "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years.
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1
+# 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4)
+# 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3)
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34)
+# At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early
+# 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares
+# the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the
+# standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when
+# that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this
+# as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone".
+#
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1
+# 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00
+
# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
# no exceptions.
# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
# Here are official papers:
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
# Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+# DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass.
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 -
Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
- 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
- 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29
+ 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
# controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in
# English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that
# means less disruption for our users.
-#
-# Anyway, none of the common English-language spellings (Kiev, Kyiv, Kieff,
-# Kijeff, Kijev, Kiyef, Kiyeff) do justice to the common pronunciation in
-# Ukrainian, namely [ˈkɪjiu̯] (IPA). This pronunciation has nothing like an
-# English "v" or "f", and instead trails off with what an English-speaker
-# would call a demure "oo" sound, and it would would be better anglicized as
-# "Kuiyu". Here's a sound file, if you would like to do as the Kuiyuvians do:
-# https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uk-Київ.ogg
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev".
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
+# Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991.
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
# is unknown.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT
Zone Factory 0 - -00
# All text uses UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows:
#
# 1. ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-# ISO 3166-1 N905 (2016-11-15). See: Updates on ISO 3166-1
-# http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/Open/16944257
+# ISO 3166-1 N976 (2018-11-06). See: Updates on ISO 3166-1
+# https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/Open/16944257
# 2. The usual English name for the coded region,
# chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
# This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
MF St Martin (French)
MG Madagascar
MH Marshall Islands
-MK Macedonia
+MK North Macedonia
ML Mali
MM Myanmar (Burma)
MN Mongolia
SV El Salvador
SX St Maarten (Dutch)
SY Syria
-SZ Swaziland
+SZ Eswatini (Swaziland)
TC Turks & Caicos Is
TD Chad
TF French Southern & Antarctic Lands
# Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement
# of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905,
# July, 1991. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>
-# reprinted in:
+# reprinted in:
# Christine Hackman and Donald B Sullivan (eds.)
# Time and Frequency Measurement
# American Association of Physics Teachers (1996)
# current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
# will not change.
#
-# Updated through IERS Bulletin C56
-# File expires on: 28 June 2019
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C60
+# File expires on: 28 June 2021
#
-#@ 3770668800
+#@ 3833827200
#
2272060800 10 # 1 Jan 1972
2287785600 11 # 1 Jul 1972
# the hash line is also ignored in the
# computation.
#
-#h 62ca19f6 96a4ae0a 3708451c 9f8693f4 016604eb
+#h 064356a8 39268b92 76e4d5ef 3e22fae1 0cca529c
# This file is in the public domain.
# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain
-# leap-seconds.list file, which can be copied from
+# NIST format leap-seconds.list file, which can be copied from
# <ftp://ftp.nist.gov/pub/time/leap-seconds.list>
-# or <ftp://ftp.boulder.nist.gov/pub/time/leap-seconds.list>
-# or <ftp://tycho.usno.navy.mil/pub/ntp/leap-seconds.list>.
+# or <ftp://ftp.boulder.nist.gov/pub/time/leap-seconds.list>.
# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
# <https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>.
-# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
+# The rules for leap seconds are specified in Annex 1 (Time scales) of:
+# Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions.
+# International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector
+# (ITU-R) Recommendation TF.460-6 (02/2002)
+# <https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-TF.460-6-200202-I/>.
+# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)
# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
-# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space)
+# (a proxy for Earth's angle in space as measured by astronomers)
# and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file
# <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/Leap_Second.dat>.
# See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second.
# URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995
# <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7909995>.
-# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
-# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
-# did not exist. The first ("1 Jan 1972") data line in leap-seconds.list
+# There were no leap seconds before 1972, as no official mechanism
+# accounted for the discrepancy between atomic time (TAI) and the earth's
+# rotation. The first ("1 Jan 1972") data line in leap-seconds.list
# does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition
# of UTC.
-# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
-# will typically look like:
-# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:60 + R/S
-# or
-# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - R/S
-
-# If the leap second is Rolling (R) the given time is local time (unused here).
+# All leap-seconds are Stationary (S) at the given UTC time.
+# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so in the unlikely
+# event of a negative leap second, a line would look like this:
+# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - S
+# Typical lines look like this:
+# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:60 + S
Leap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
Leap 1972 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
Leap 1973 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
Leap 2015 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
Leap 2016 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+# UTC timestamp when this leap second list expires.
+# Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
+# This Expires line is commented out for now,
+# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
+#Expires 2021 Jun 28 00:00:00
+
# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
-#updated 1467936000
-#expires 1561680000
+#updated 1467936000 (2016-07-08 00:00:00 UTC)
+#expires 1624838400 (2021-06-28 00:00:00 UTC)
-# Updated through IERS Bulletin C56
-# File expires on: 28 June 2019
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C60
+# File expires on: 28 June 2021
# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
-# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20160517155308/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
#
# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
-# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
-# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-06-04):
+# Here is the legal basis for the US federal rules.
+# * Public Law 65-106 (1918-03-19) implemented standard and daylight saving
+# time for the first time across the US, springing forward on March's last
+# Sunday and falling back on October's last Sunday.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/65th-congress/session-2/c65s2ch24.pdf
+# * Public Law 66-40 (1919-08-20) repealed DST on October 1919's last Sunday.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/66th-congress/session-1/c66s1ch51.pdf
+# * Public Law 77-403 (1942-01-20) started wartime DST on 1942-02-09.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/77th-congress/session-2/c77s2ch7.pdf
+# * Public Law 79-187 (1945-09-25) ended wartime DST on 1945-09-30.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-1/c79s1ch388.pdf
+# * Public Law 89-387 (1966-04-13) reinstituted a national standard for DST,
+# from April's last Sunday to October's last Sunday, effective 1967.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf
+# * Public Law 93-182 (1973-12-15) moved the 1974 spring-forward to 01-06.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg707.pdf
+# * Public Law 93-434 (1974-10-05) moved the 1975 spring-forward to
+# February's last Sunday.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1209.pdf
+# * Public Law 99-359 (1986-07-08) moved the spring-forward to April's first
+# Sunday.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg764.pdf
+# * Public Law 109-58 (2005-08-08), effective 2007, moved the spring-forward
+# to March's second Sunday and the fall-back to November's first Sunday.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf
+# All transitions are at 02:00 local time.
# From Arthur David Olson:
# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
# U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone EST -5:00 - EST
Zone MST -7:00 - MST
Zone HST -10:00 - HST
# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
# nearest second.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
-5:00 US E%sT 1920
-5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-06):
+# In 1950s Nashville a public clock had dueling faces, one for conservatives
+# and the other for liberals; the two sides didn't agree about the time of day.
+# I haven't found a photo of this clock, nor have I tracked down the TIME
+# magazine report cited below, but here's the story as told by the late
+# American journalist John Seigenthaler, who was there:
+#
+# "The two [newspaper] owners held strongly contrasting political and
+# ideological views. Evans was a New South liberal, Stahlman an Old South
+# conservative, and their two papers frequently clashed editorially, often on
+# the same day.... In the 1950s as the state legislature was grappling with
+# the question of whether to approve daylight saving time for the entire state,
+# TIME magazine reported:
+#
+# "'The Nashville Banner and The Nashville Tennessean rarely agree on anything
+# but the time of day - and last week they couldn't agree on that.'
+#
+# "It was all too true. The clock on the front of the building had two faces -
+# The Tennessean side of the building facing west, the other, east. When it
+# was high noon Banner time, it was 11 a.m. Tennessean time."
+#
+# Seigenthaler J. For 100 years, Tennessean had it covered.
+# The Tennessean 2007-05-11, republished 2015-04-06.
+# https://www.tennessean.com/story/insider/extras/2015/04/06/archives-seigenthaler-for-100-years-the-tennessean-had-it-covered/25348545/
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
-6:00 US C%sT 1920
-6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
# El Paso Times. 2018-10-24 06:40 -06.
# https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/10/24/el-pasoans-were-time-rebels-fought-stay-mountain-zone/1744509002/
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
-7:00 US M%sT 1920
-7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D
Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D
Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
-8:00 US P%sT 1946
-8:00 CA P%sT 1967
# In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
# Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
# https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/
+#
+# From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11):
+# The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month...
+# From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11):
+# Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the
+# "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00:
+# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/
+# So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will
+# rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
-8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
-8:00 - PST 1942
-8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00
-9:00 US AK%sT 2018 Nov 4 2:00
- -8:00 - PST 2019 Mar Sun>=8 3:00
+ -8:00 - PST 2019 Jan 20 2:00
-9:00 US AK%sT
Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
-9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
-10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
-10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
-7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
-7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
# switched four weeks late in 1974.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
-8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
-7:00 US M%sT 1974
# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
-6:00 US C%sT 1920
-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
#
# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
-6:00 US C%sT 1951
-6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
# in November 2007.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-09):
+# The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County
+# returned to CST. It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the
+# Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Perry 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Perry 1961 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 - EST 1967 Oct 29 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT 1971
-5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
#
# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
-6:00 US C%sT 1955
-6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
# 1991-10-27.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
-6:00 US C%sT 1947
-6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
#
# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
-6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
# clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
# to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
#
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
+# From the contemporary source given by Alois Treindl,
+# the switch in Louisville on 1946-04-28 was on 00:01
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
+# That source was the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1946-04-27, p 4.
+# Shanks gives 02:00 for all 20th-century transition times in Louisville.
+# Evidently this is wrong for spring 1946. Although also likely wrong
+# for other dates, we have no data.
+#
# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Louisville 1941 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1946 only - Apr lastSun 0:01 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1950 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Louisville 1956 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
-6:00 US C%sT 1921
-6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
# info, so omit this for now.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-26):
-# Although Shanks says Detroit observed DST in 1967 from 06-14 00:01
-# until 10-29 00:01, I now see multiple reports that this is incorrect.
-# For example, according to a 50-year anniversary report about the 1967
-# Detroit riots and a major-league doubleheader on 1967-07-23, "By the time
-# the last fly ball of the doubleheader settled into the glove of leftfielder
-# Lenny Green, it was after 7 p.m. Detroit did not observe daylight saving
-# time, so light was already starting to fail. Twilight was made even deeper
-# by billowing columns of smoke that ascended in an unbroken wall north of the
-# ballpark." See: Dow B. Detroit '67: As violence unfolded, Tigers played two
-# at home vs. Yankees. Detroit Free Press 2017-07-23.
-# https://www.freep.com/story/sports/mlb/tigers/2017/07/23/detroit-tigers-1967-riot-new-york-yankees/499951001/
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-06):
+# Due to a complicated set of legal maneuvers, in 1967 Michigan did
+# not start daylight saving time when the rest of the US did.
+# Instead, it began DST on Jun 14 at 00:01. This was big news:
+# the Detroit Free Press reported it at the top of Page 1 on
+# 1967-06-14, in an article "State Adjusting to Switch to Fast Time"
+# by Gary Blonston, above an article about Thurgood Marshall's
+# confirmation to the US Supreme Court. Although Shanks says Detroit
+# observed DST until 1967-10-29 00:01, that time of day seems to be
+# incorrect, as the Free Press later said DST ended in Michigan at the
+# same time as the rest of the US. Also, although Shanks reports no DST in
+# Detroit in 1968, it did observe DST that year; in the November 1968
+# election Michigan voters narrowly repealed DST, effective 1969.
#
# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
-6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1942
-5:00 US E%sT 1946
- -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1967 Jun 14 0:01
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1969
+ -5:00 - EST 1973
-5:00 US E%sT 1975
-5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
+# Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy.
+# Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8.
+#
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
# which I found in the UCLA library.
# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
# [PDF] (1914-03)
#
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
-#
# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
# Canada
# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
# that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
# Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
#
# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
-3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
# most of east Labrador
# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
-3:30:52 - NST 1918
-3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
-4:00 Canada A%sT
-# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
+# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I,
+# Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Listuguj reserve
# From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
# From the historical weather station records available at:
# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
# this is a typo.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-01-09):
+# America/Halifax ... also applies to Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj
+# reserve in Quebec. Officially, this came into effect on January 1, 2007
+# (Legal Time Act, CQLR c T-5.1), but the legislative debates surrounding that
+# bill say that it is "accommodating the customs and practices" of those
+# regions, which suggests that they have always been in-line with Halifax.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
# clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
# For now, assume it started in 1993.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
-5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
# Quebec
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10):
# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
+# See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve.
#
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
# The Quebec department of justice writes in
# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
-# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
+# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
-# https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
-# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
+# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
+# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
-4:00 - AST
# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
+# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06):
+# According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge,
+# covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins.
+# The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after,
+# like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in
+# America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the
+# zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova
+# Scotia)....
+
# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
# With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
# was meant.
Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
-# Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
-# Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
-# (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
-Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
# months for the remainder of the war years.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
-5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
# starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
# it was also 02:00s in 1966.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
-6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
-6:00 Canada C%sT
# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
+# Pearce's book says Regina observed DST in 1914-1917. No dates and times,
+# unfortunately. It also says that in 1914 Saskatoon observed DST
+# from 1 June to 6 July, and that DST was also tried out in Davidson,
+# Melfort, and Prince Albert.
+
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
# long and rather painful to read.
# http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
-7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
-6:00 - CST
# Alberta
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-19):
+# There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967.
+# 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
+# Pearce's book says that Alberta's 1948 Daylight Saving Act required
+# Mountain Standard Time without DST, and that "anyone who broke that law
+# could be fined up to $25 and costs". There seems to be no record of
+# anybody paying the fine. The law was not changed until an August 1971
+# plebiscite reinstituted DST in 1972. This story is also mentioned in:
+# Boyer JP. Forcing Choice: The Risky Reward of Referendums. Dundum. 2017.
+# ISBN 978-1459739123.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
-7:00 Edm M%sT 1987
-7:00 Canada M%sT
# been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
# 2015-03-08.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Alois Triendl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily
+# Province. He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said
+# that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now,
+# guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver.
+#
+# Early Vancouver, Volume Four, by Major J.S. Matthews, V.D., 2011 edition
+# says that a 1922 plebiscite adopted DST, but a 1923 plebiscite rejected it.
+# http://former.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/digitized/EarlyVan/SearchEarlyVan/Vol4pdf/MatthewsEarlyVancouverVol4_DaylightSavings.pdf
+# A catalog entry for a newspaper clipping seems to indicate that Vancouver
+# observed DST in 1941 from 07-07 through 09-27; see
+# https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/daylight-saving-1918-starts-again-july-7-1941-start-d-s-sept-27-end-of-d-s-1941
+# We have no further details, so omit them for now.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vanc 1946 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
-8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
-8:00 Canada P%sT
# varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
#
# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
-# http://? - no online source found
+# [no online source found]
#
# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
# Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
# to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
#
# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
-# http://? - no online source found
+# [no online source found]
#
# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
# obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
# I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-03-05):
+# The government of Yukon announced [yesterday] the cessation of seasonal time
+# changes. "After clocks are pushed ahead one hour on March 8, the territory
+# will remain on [UTC-07]. ... [The government] found 93 per cent of
+# respondents wanted to end seasonal time changes and, of that group, 70 per
+# cent wanted 'permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time.'"
+# https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/yukon-end-daylight-saving-time-1.5486358
+#
+# Although the government press release prefers PDT, we prefer MST for
+# consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson.
+# https://yukon.ca/en/news/yukon-end-seasonal-time-change
+
+# From Andrew G. Smith (2020-09-24):
+# Yukon has completed its regulatory change to be on UTC -7 year-round....
+# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2020_125.pdf
+# What we have done is re-defined Yukon Standard Time, as we are
+# authorized to do under section 33 of our Interpretation Act:
+# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/interpretation_c.pdf
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-09-24):
+# tzdb uses the obsolete YST abbreviation for standard time in Yukon through
+# about 1970, and uses PST for standard time in Yukon since then. Consistent
+# with that, use MST for -07, the new standard time in Yukon effective Nov. 1.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# aka Panniqtuuq
Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
-4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
-9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00
-8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
- -8:00 Canada P%sT
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT 2020 Nov 1
+ -7:00 - MST
Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
-9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
-8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
- -8:00 Canada P%sT
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT 2020 Nov 1
+ -7:00 - MST
###############################################################################
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
#
-# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
+# https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-03-mn-32561-story.html
# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
# 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
# longitude they are located at.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
-6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
-5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
-5:00 US E%sT
# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
-3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
-4:00 Barb A%sT
# Belize
# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 -0530
Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 CST
Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 CDT
Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 CST
Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 CDT
Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 CST
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
-6:00 Belize %s
# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
-4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
-5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
-6:00 CR C%sT
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
# For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
-5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
-5:00 Cuba C%sT
# decided to revert.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 EDT
Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 EST
Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -0430
Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 EST
Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 EST
Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 EST
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
-4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
-5:00 DR %s 1974 Oct 27
# El Salvador
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
# instead of America/San_Salvador.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
-6:00 Salv C%sT
# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
-6:00 Guat C%sT
# I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
# https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
-4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
-5:00 Haiti E%sT
# http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
# So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
-6:00 Hond C%sT
#
# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974
-5:00 - EST
# Martinique
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
-4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
-4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
# time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
-5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
-6:00 - CST 1973 May
-6:00 Nic C%sT
# Panama
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
-5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
# Puerto Rico
# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
-4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
-4:00 US A%sT 1946
# St Pierre and Miquelon
# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-4:00 - AST 1980 May
-3:00 - -03 1987
# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979
# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 -
# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
# setting for timestamps past 2038.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
# Bolivia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
-4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
-4:32:36 1:00 BST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01)
# Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10)
Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 -
# removed Tocantins.
Rule Brazil 2013 2014 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 2015 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2016 2022 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2016 2019 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-18):
# According to many media sources, next year's DST start in Brazil will move to
-# the first Sunday of November, and it will stay like that for the years after.
+# the first Sunday of November
# ... https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-delays-dst-2018.html
# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-20):
# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/D9242.htm
-#
# From Fábio Gomes (2018-10-04):
# The Brazilian president just announced a new change on this year DST.
# It was scheduled to start on November 4th and it was changed to November 18th.
# The Brazilian government just announced that the change in DST was
# canceled.... Maybe the president Michel Temer also woke up one hour
# earlier today. :)
-Rule Brazil 2018 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Brazil 2023 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2024 2025 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2026 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2027 2033 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2034 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2035 2036 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2037 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
-# The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
-Rule Brazil 2038 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-
-# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
+Rule Brazil 2018 only - Nov Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
+# The last ruleset listed above says that the following states observed DST:
# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2019-04-05):
+# According to multiple sources the Brazilian president wants to get rid of DST.
+# https://gmconline.com.br/noticias/politica/bolsonaro-horario-de-verao-deve-acabar-este-ano
+# https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/04/05/governo-anuncia-fim-do-horario-de-verao.ghtml
+# From Marcus Diniz (2019-04-25):
+# Brazil no longer has DST changes - decree signed today
+# https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2019/04/25/bolsonaro-assina-decreto-que-acaba-com-o-horario-de-verao.ghtml
+# From Daniel Soares de Oliveira (2019-04-26):
+# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2019/Decreto/D9772.htm
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
-#
# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-19):
-# The above says the Magallanes change expires 2019-05-11 at 24:00,
-# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that, which means
-# they will switch from -03 to -04 one hour after Santiago does that day.
-# For now, assume that they will not revert.
# From Juan Correa (2018-08-13):
# As of moments ago, the Ministry of Energy in Chile has announced the new
# https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029009354001973248
# "We will keep the new time policy unchanged for at least the next 4 years."
# So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-09-01):
+# The above says the Magallanes exception expires 2022-04-02 at 24:00,
+# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that.
+# For now, assume that they will not revert,
+# since they have extended the expiration date once already.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Chile 1968 only - Nov 3 4:00u 1:00 -
Rule Chile 2019 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago -4:42:46 - LMT 1890
-4:42:46 - SMT 1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
-5:00 - -05 1916 Jul 1
# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - -00 1965
-4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg -03/-02 1982 May
# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 -
Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
-4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-5:00 CO -05/-04
# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
# though, as far as we know.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
-4:30 - -0430 1965
-4:00 - AST
# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not
# repeated. For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Ecuador 1992 only - Nov 28 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Ecuador 1993 only - Feb 5 0:00 0 -
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
-5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
-5:00 Ecuador -05/-04
# For now we will assume permanent -03 for the Falklands
# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
# experiment was apparently successful.)
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
-3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
-4:00 Falk -04/-03 1983 May
-3:00 - -03
# French Guiana
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
-4:00 - -04 1967 Oct
-3:00 - -03
# Guyana
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
-3:45 - -0345 1975 Jul 31
-3:00 - -03 1991
# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
-3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
-4:00 - -04 1972 Oct
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition. Assume 1986 was like 1987.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 -
Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
-5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
-5:00 Peru -05/-04
# South Georgia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
-2:00 - -02
# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
# Suriname
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
-3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
-3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
-3:00 - -03
# Trinidad and Tobago
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
-4:00 - AST
# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/10/2
# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/18/2
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Uruguay 1923 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 -
Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
-4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-4:30 - -0430 1965 Jan 1 0:00
CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific - Yukon (south)
-CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific - Yukon (north)
+CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific - Yukon (east)
+CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific - Yukon (west)
CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
CD -0418+01518 Africa/Kinshasa Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
CD -1140+02728 Africa/Lubumbashi Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
GG +492717-0023210 Europe/Guernsey
GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
-GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab Greenland (most areas)
+GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas)
GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik
RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow MSK+00 - Moscow area
-RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol MSK+00 - Crimea
+# The obsolescent zone.tab format cannot represent Europe/Simferopol well.
+# Put it in RU section and list as UA. See "territorial claims" above.
+# Programs should use zone1970.tab instead; see above.
+UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Crimea
RU +5836+04939 Europe/Kirov MSK+00 - Kirov
RU +4621+04803 Europe/Astrakhan MSK+01 - Astrakhan
RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd MSK+01 - Volgograd
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
-UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
-UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
+UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
+UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Midway Midway Islands
UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific - Yukon (south)
-CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific - Yukon (north)
+CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific - Yukon (east)
+CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific - Yukon (west)
CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
-GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab Greenland (most areas)
+GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas)
GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik
RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow MSK+00 - Moscow area
-RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol MSK+00 - Crimea
+# Mention RU and UA alphabetically. See "territorial claims" above.
+RU,UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Crimea
RU +5836+04939 Europe/Kirov MSK+00 - Kirov
RU +4621+04803 Europe/Astrakhan MSK+01 - Astrakhan
RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd MSK+01 - Volgograd
TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
-UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
-UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
+UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
+UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
USING: accessors arrays assocs calendar.english combinators
combinators.smart io.encodings.utf8 io.files kernel math.parser
-memoize namespaces sequences splitting unicode ;
+memoize namespaces sequences sorting splitting unicode ;
IN: zoneinfo
CONSTANT: zoneinfo-paths
"vocab:zoneinfo/northamerica"
"vocab:zoneinfo/pacificnew"
"vocab:zoneinfo/southamerica"
- "vocab:zoneinfo/systemv"
+ "vocab:zoneinfo/etcetera"
+ "vocab:zoneinfo/factory"
"vocab:zoneinfo/leapseconds"
+ "vocab:zoneinfo/systemv"
}
SYMBOL: last-zone
: raw-zone-map ( -- assoc )
zoneinfo-array [ raw-zone? ] filter [ name>> ] collect-by ;
+: zoneinfo-zones ( -- seq )
+ raw-zone-map keys
+ [ "/" swap subseq? ] partition
+ [ natural-sort ] bi@ append ;
+
GENERIC: zone-matches? ( string rule -- ? )
M: raw-rule zone-matches? name>> = ;
projects / factor.git / commitdiff