zoneinfo: update to tzdata-2024a

[factor.git] / extra / zoneinfo / africa

# tzdb data for Africa and environs

# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.

# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see:
# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913),
# page 752, 18b.
#
# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
#
# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
#        +00    GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
#        +02    CAT     Central Africa Time
#        +02    SAST    South Africa Standard Time
# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
#        +01    WAT     West Africa Time
# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
# cannot now come up with solid citations.
#
# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
#        +02    WAST    West Africa Summer Time
#        +03    CAST    Central Africa Summer Time
#        +03    SAST    South Africa Summer Time
#        +03    EAT     East Africa Time
# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
# Corrections are welcome.

# Algeria
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1  23:00s  0       -
Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Oct     23      23:00s  0       -
Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Mar     14      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Jun     21      23:00s  0       -
Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Sep     11      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Nov     19       1:00   0       -
Rule    Algeria 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1   2:00   1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1944    only    -       Oct      8       2:00   0       -
Rule    Algeria 1945    only    -       Sep     16       1:00   0       -
Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Apr     25      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Sep     26      23:00s  0       -
Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       May      6       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   0       -
Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Mar     24       1:00   1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Sep     22       3:00   0       -
Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Apr     25       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Oct     31       2:00   0       -
# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Algiers  0:12:12 -       LMT     1891 Mar 16
                        0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
                        0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1940 Feb 25  2:00
                        1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1946 Oct  7
                        0:00    -       WET     1956 Jan 29
                        1:00    -       CET     1963 Apr 14
                        0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1977 Oct 21
                        1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1979 Oct 26
                        0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1981 May
                        1:00    -       CET

# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
#
# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
# (see Europe/Lisbon).
#
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
                        -2:00   -       -02     1942 Sep
                        -2:00   1:00    -01     1945 Oct 15
                        -2:00   -       -02     1975 Nov 25  2:00
                        -1:00   -       -01

# Chad
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912 Jan  1 # N'Djamena
                        1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
                        1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
                        1:00    -       WAT

# Burkina Faso
# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
# The Gambia
# Ghana
# Guinea
# Iceland
# Mali
# Mauritania
# St Helena
# Senegal
# Sierra Leone
# Togo

# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
#       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
#       Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
#       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
#               on GMT, says the CIA
#       Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1
                         0:00   -       GMT

###############################################################################

# Egypt

# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
# observatory.  Milne also says that the official time for
# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1942    1944    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1942    only    -       Oct     27      0:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1943    1945    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1945    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
#
# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
# or
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1  24:00   0       -
# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.

# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
#
# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Apr 23
# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
# Apr 24
# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
#
# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
# :59)
# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
#
# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
#
# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
# in September.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
# Information and Decision Support Center:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
#
# The Middle East News Agency
# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
# (at least today).

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
# Ramadan.
#
# Arabic translation:
# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html

# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx

# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)

# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258

# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
# Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
# dates not yet announced....
# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html

# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
# least for 2015.
#
# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
# practice altogether in future years."
#
# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
# decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx

# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,

# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01):
# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be
# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October.
# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01):
# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively.
# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07):
# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/

Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 24:00   0       -
Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      24:00   0       -
Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     10      24:00   0       -
Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep      9      24:00   1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     26      24:00   0       -
Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     31      24:00   1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
Rule    Egypt   2023    max     -       Apr     lastFri  0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Egypt   2023    max     -       Oct     lastThu 24:00   0       -

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
                #STDOFF 2:05:08.9
Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
                        2:00    Egypt   EE%sT

# Guinea-Bissau
#
# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
#
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1  1:00u
                        -1:00   -       -01     1975
                         0:00   -       GMT

# Comoros
# Djibouti
# Eritrea
# Ethiopia
# Kenya
# Madagascar
# Mayotte
# Somalia
# Tanzania
# Uganda

# From P Chan (2020-10-24):
#
# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate....
# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274
#
# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
#
# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930.
# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701
#
# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45
# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936.
# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705
#
# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time
# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942.
# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331]
# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331
# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later
# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948.
# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations.
# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31]
# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101)
# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt
# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December.
# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787
# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294

# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24):
# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date,
# so just say "1908 May".

# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11):
# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time.  See:
# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1908 May
                        2:30    -       +0230   1928 Jun 30 24:00
                        3:00    -       EAT     1930 Jan  4 24:00
                        2:30    -       +0230   1936 Dec 31 24:00
                        2:45    -       +0245   1942 Jul 31 24:00
                        3:00    -       EAT

# Liberia
#
# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
#
# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
#
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
#
# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric
# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
#
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 -      LMT     1882
                        -0:43:08 -      MMT     1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
                        -0:44:30 -      MMT     1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
                         0:00   -       GMT

###############################################################################

# Libya

# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
#
# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
#
# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
# lastFri instead of lastSun).

# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
# cancelled yesterday....
# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
#
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Libya   1951    only    -       Oct     14      2:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1952    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   1953    only    -       Oct      9      2:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1954    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   1955    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1956    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   1982    1984    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1982    1985    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   1985    only    -       Apr      6      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Oct      3      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Oct      4      0:00    0       -
Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Mar     lastFri 1:00    1:00    S
Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Oct     lastFri 2:00    0       -
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Tripoli  0:52:44 -       LMT     1920
                        1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1959
                        2:00    -       EET     1982
                        1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1990 May  4
# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
                        2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
                        1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
                        2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10  2:00
                        1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25  2:00
                        2:00    -       EET

# Mauritius

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
# basis....
# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.

# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
# According to
# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
#
# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
# changes two days later.

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
#
# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html

# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
# The Government of Mauritius weblink
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
#
# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
# and end on 29 March 2009.

# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
# DST the coming summer...
#
# Some sources, in French:
# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-»
# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints-
#
# Our wrap-up:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    -
Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    -
Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907 # Port Louis
                        4:00 Mauritius  +04/+05
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius


# Morocco
# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco.

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
#
# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
#
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
# Presse:
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
#
# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
# spokesman.

# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
# According to this article:
# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
# the changes occur at midnight:
#
# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
#
# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
# June 1st to Sept 27th.
#
# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
# published on the web.
#
# It's also confirmed here:
# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
# posted in English).
#
# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
# of September:
#
# One article about it (in French):
# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
#
# We have some further details posted here:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
# to many sources, such as
# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
# (French)
#
# Our summary:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
#
# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
#
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html

# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
#
# Example:
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
# (French)
# Our page:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html

# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
# ...Official links of change in morocco
# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
# +212.537.71.84.00
# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
# They said that
# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
# is the official publication to look at.
# They said that the decision was already taken.
#
# More articles in the press
# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim

# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
# They have it written in English here:
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
#
# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
# also been like that in the past.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété
# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
# except the month of Ramadan.
# or (brief)
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.

# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
# Seen Morocco change again:
# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
# comme annoncé précédemment."

# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
#
# Google translation, lightly edited:
# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
# Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.

# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288

# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10

# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
# before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
# source (French):
# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html

# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp

# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586

# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
# 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
# Source (french):
# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
#
# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
#
# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
# with the patch.

# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
#
# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
# the week end after....  The government does not announce yet the decision
# about this temporary change.  But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
# as in previous years.  An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan

# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222

# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
#
# From Milamber (2020-05-31)
# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.).  So for this
# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
# the calc.  These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off.  Perhaps you can modify
# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
# shift will be the next weekend.
#
# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10):
# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076
# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/
#
# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15):
# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m.
# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m.
# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023
#
# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14):
# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
# first Sunday after one day after Ramadan.  To implement this,
# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
# running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2.  (This algorithm
# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
# (let ((islamic-year 1440))
#   (require 'cal-islam)
#   (while (< islamic-year 1511)
#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
#           (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
#           (sunday 0))
#       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
#       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
#         (setq b (1+ b)))
#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
#       (insert
#        (format
#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug     21       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul     31       0:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr     lastSun  2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul     20       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep     30       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul      7       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug     10       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2013    2018    -       Oct     lastSun  3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2014    2018    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun     28       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Aug      2       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun     14       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul     19       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun      5       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul     10       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May     21       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jul      2       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May     13       3:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun     17       2:00   1:00    -
Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May      5       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun      9       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr     19       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May     31       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr     11       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May     16       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       Mar     27       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May      8       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Mar     19       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr     23       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Mar     10       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr     14       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Feb     23       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Apr      6       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2026    only    -       Feb     15       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2026    only    -       Mar     22       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2027    only    -       Feb      7       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2027    only    -       Mar     14       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2028    only    -       Jan     23       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2028    only    -       Mar      5       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2029    only    -       Jan     14       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2029    only    -       Feb     18       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2029    only    -       Dec     30       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2030    only    -       Feb     10       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2030    only    -       Dec     22       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2031    only    -       Jan     26       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2031    only    -       Dec     14       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2032    only    -       Jan     18       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2032    only    -       Nov     28       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2033    only    -       Jan      9       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2033    only    -       Nov     20       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2033    only    -       Dec     25       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2034    only    -       Nov      5       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2034    only    -       Dec     17       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2035    only    -       Oct     28       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2035    only    -       Dec      9       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct     19       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Nov     23       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct      4       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Nov     15       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2038    only    -       Sep     26       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2038    only    -       Oct     31       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2039    only    -       Sep     18       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2039    only    -       Oct     23       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2040    only    -       Sep      2       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2040    only    -       Oct     14       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2041    only    -       Aug     25       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2041    only    -       Sep     29       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2042    only    -       Aug     10       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2042    only    -       Sep     21       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2043    only    -       Aug      2       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2043    only    -       Sep     13       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2044    only    -       Jul     24       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2044    only    -       Aug     28       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2045    only    -       Jul      9       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2045    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2046    only    -       Jul      1       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2046    only    -       Aug      5       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2047    only    -       Jun     23       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2047    only    -       Jul     28       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2048    only    -       Jun      7       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2048    only    -       Jul     19       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2049    only    -       May     30       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2049    only    -       Jul      4       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2050    only    -       May     15       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2050    only    -       Jun     26       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2051    only    -       May      7       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2051    only    -       Jun     18       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2052    only    -       Apr     28       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2052    only    -       Jun      2       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2053    only    -       Apr     13       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2053    only    -       May     25       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2054    only    -       Apr      5       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2054    only    -       May     10       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2055    only    -       Mar     28       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2055    only    -       May      2       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2056    only    -       Mar     12       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2056    only    -       Apr     23       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2057    only    -       Mar      4       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2057    only    -       Apr      8       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2058    only    -       Feb     17       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2058    only    -       Mar     31       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2059    only    -       Feb      9       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2059    only    -       Mar     23       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2060    only    -       Feb      1       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2060    only    -       Mar      7       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2061    only    -       Jan     16       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2061    only    -       Feb     27       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2062    only    -       Jan      8       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2062    only    -       Feb     12       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2062    only    -       Dec     31       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2063    only    -       Feb      4       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2063    only    -       Dec     16       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2064    only    -       Jan     27       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2064    only    -       Dec      7       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2065    only    -       Jan     11       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2065    only    -       Nov     22       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2066    only    -       Jan      3       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2066    only    -       Nov     14       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2066    only    -       Dec     26       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2067    only    -       Nov      6       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2067    only    -       Dec     11       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2068    only    -       Oct     21       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2068    only    -       Dec      2       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2069    only    -       Oct     13       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2069    only    -       Nov     17       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2070    only    -       Oct      5       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2070    only    -       Nov      9       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2071    only    -       Sep     20       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2071    only    -       Nov      1       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2072    only    -       Sep     11       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2072    only    -       Oct     16       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2073    only    -       Aug     27       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2073    only    -       Oct      8       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2074    only    -       Aug     19       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2074    only    -       Sep     30       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2075    only    -       Aug     11       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2075    only    -       Sep     15       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2076    only    -       Jul     26       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2076    only    -       Sep      6       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2077    only    -       Jul     18       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2077    only    -       Aug     22       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2078    only    -       Jul     10       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2078    only    -       Aug     14       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2079    only    -       Jun     25       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2079    only    -       Aug      6       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2080    only    -       Jun     16       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2080    only    -       Jul     21       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2081    only    -       Jun      1       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2081    only    -       Jul     13       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2082    only    -       May     24       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2082    only    -       Jun     28       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2083    only    -       May     16       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2083    only    -       Jun     20       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2084    only    -       Apr     30       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2084    only    -       Jun     11       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2085    only    -       Apr     22       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2085    only    -       May     27       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2086    only    -       Apr     14       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2086    only    -       May     19       2:00   0       -
Rule    Morocco 2087    only    -       Mar     30       3:00   -1:00   -
Rule    Morocco 2087    only    -       May     11       2:00   0       -
# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
# Morocco will no longer observe DST.  At some point this table will
# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
# rules first.

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
                         0:00   Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16
                         1:00   -       +01     1986
                         0:00   Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28  3:00
                         1:00   Morocco +01/+00

# Western Sahara
#
# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
# Morocco does.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.

Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan # El Aaiún
                        -1:00   -       -01     1976 Apr 14
                         0:00   Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28  3:00
                         1:00   Morocco +01/+00

# Botswana
# Burundi
# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern)
# Malawi
# Mozambique
# Rwanda
# Zambia
# Zimbabwe
#
# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
                        2:00    -       CAT

# Namibia

# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
# and includes this nugget:
# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
# Sunday 4 September 1994.

# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...

# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
# of the country.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers

# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
# This video is from the government decision:
# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html

# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
# with Namibia's neighbors.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
Rule    Namibia 1994    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    -1:00   WAT
Rule    Namibia 1994    2017    -       Sep     Sun>=1  2:00    0       CAT
Rule    Namibia 1995    2017    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    -1:00   WAT
# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
#Rule   Namibia 1994    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       WAT
#Rule   Namibia 1994    2017    -       Sep     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    CAT
#Rule   Namibia 1995    2017    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    0       WAT
# End of rearguard section.

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
                        1:30    -       +0130   1903 Mar
                        2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20  2:00
                        2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21  2:00
                        2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
                        2:00    Namibia %s
# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
#                       2:00    -       CAT     1994 Mar 21  0:00
# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
#                       1:00    Namibia %s      2017 Oct 24
#                       2:00    -       CAT
# End of rearguard section.


# Angola
# Benin
# Cameroon
# Central African Republic
# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western)
# Republic of the Congo
# Equatorial Guinea
# Gabon
# Niger
# Nigeria

# From P Chan (2020-12-03):
# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.
# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3
# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235
# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905
# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and
# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and
# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."
#
# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.
# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5
# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523
# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when
# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the
# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."
#
# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria.
# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916),
# p 27
# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27
# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,
# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian
# 7° 30' E. long."
# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos
# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of
# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes
# accordingly."
#
# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1.
# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2)
# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the
# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16]
# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16
# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria:
# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time.  (As amended by 18 of
# 1919, s. 2.)"
# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10):
# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first
# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on
# Thursday 1919-08-28:
# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915
# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and
# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a
# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time.  Nigeria standard time is
# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new
# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes".  It was further
# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes
# to compensate.
# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11):
# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52,
# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on
# the 1st day of September, 1919."
# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40,
# img 245-246
# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:35 -       LMT     1905 Jul  1
                        0:00    -       GMT     1908 Jul  1
                        0:13:35 -       LMT     1914 Jan  1
                        0:30    -       +0030   1919 Sep  1
                        1:00    -       WAT

# São Tomé and Príncipe

# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
# they entered the year 2018.
# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017

# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
#
# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]

Zone    Africa/Sao_Tome  0:26:56 -      LMT     1884
                #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
                        -0:36:45 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
                         0:00   -       GMT     2018 Jan  1 01:00
                         1:00   -       WAT     2019 Jan  1 02:00
                         0:00   -       GMT

# Eswatini (Swaziland)
# Lesotho
# South Africa

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    -
Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15 2:00    0       -
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
                        1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
                        2:00    SA      SAST
#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# no information

# Sudan

# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.

# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
                        2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
                        3:00    -       EAT     2017 Nov  1
                        2:00    -       CAT

# South Sudan

# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
# hour on February 1, 2021...."
# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/

# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Juba     2:06:28 -       LMT     1931
                        2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
                        3:00    -       EAT     2021 Feb  1 00:00
                        2:00    -       CAT

# Tunisia

# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
# Saturday."  (My translation)
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
# 1h standard time.
#
# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
# (Arabic)
# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
#
# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
#
# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
#
# (in English)
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
#
# (in Arabic)
# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
#
# (translation):
# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
# Sunday...
# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
#
# (in Arabic)
# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      -       IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1   2:00   1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1988    only    -       Jun      1       0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1988    1990    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
Rule    Tunisia 1989    only    -       Mar     26       0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 1990    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       Sep     30       1:00s  0       -
Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -

# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
# Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    Africa/Tunis    0:40:44 -       LMT     1881 May 12
                        0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
                        1:00    Tunisia CE%sT